cmd/link: remove elfsetstring out of the loader

Currently, we pass elfsetstring to the loader as a callback, for
a special case of Addstring. This is only used for ELF when adding
strings to the section header string table. Move the logic to the
caller instead, so the loader would not have this special case.

Change-Id: Icfb91f380fe4ba435985c3019681597932f58242
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/492718


Run-TryBot: Cherry Mui <cherryyz@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Than McIntosh <thanm@google.com>