[dev.link] cmd/link: add storage and methods for read/write of Sym value

Add loader methods SymValue() and SetSymValue() to get/set the
value of a symbol by global index.

Change-Id: Ifc71480fc34c719ad00506d0828edf36c1a57119
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/211302


Run-TryBot: Than McIntosh <thanm@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Cherry Zhang <cherryyz@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Jeremy Faller <jeremy@golang.org>