cmd/internal/sys: migrate support.go functions to new internal pkg

Separate out the functions from cmd/internal/sys/support.go and
migrate them to a new package internal/platform, so that functions such as
"RaceDetectorSupported" can be called from tests in std as well as in
cmd. This isn't a complete move of everything in cmd/internal/sys;
there are still many functions left.

The original version of this CL (patch set 1) called the new package
"internal/sys", but for packages that needed both "internal/sys" and
"cmd/internal/sys" the import of the former had to be done with a
different name, which was confusing and also required a hack in
cmd/dist.

Updates #56006.

Change-Id: I866d62e75adbf3a640a06e2c7386a6e9e2a18d91
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/438475


Reviewed-by: Bryan Mills <bcmills@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Cherry Mui <cherryyz@google.com>
Run-TryBot: Than McIntosh <thanm@google.com>