syscall/js: use stable references to JavaScript values

This commit changes how JavaScript values are referenced by Go code.
After this change, a JavaScript value is always represented by the same
ref, even if passed multiple times from JavaScript to Go. This allows
Go's == operator to work as expected on js.Value (strict equality).
Additionally, the performance of some operations of the syscall/js
package got improved by saving additional roundtrips to JavaScript code.

Fixes #25802.

Change-Id: Ide6ffe66c6aa1caf5327a2d3ddbe48fe7c180461
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/120561


Run-TryBot: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>