go/types, types2: implement Alias proposal (export API)

This CL exports the previously unexported Alias type and
corresponding functions and methods per issue #63223.

Whether Alias types are used or not is controlled by
the gotypesalias setting with the GODEBUG environment
variable. Setting gotypesalias to "1" enables the Alias
types:

	GODEBUG=gotypesalias=1

By default, gotypesalias is not set.

Adjust test cases that enable/disable the use of Alias
types to use -gotypesalias=1 or -gotypesalias=0 rather
than -alias and -alias=false for consistency and to
avoid confusion.

For #63223.

Change-Id: I51308cad3320981afac97dd8c6f6a416fdb0be55
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/541737


Run-TryBot: Robert Griesemer <gri@google.com>
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