cmd/compile: use proved bounds to remove signed division fix-ups

prove is able to find 94 occurrences in std cmd where a divisor
can't have the value -1. The change removes
the extraneous fix-up code for these cases.

Fixes #25239

Change-Id: Ic184de971f47cc57c702eb72805b8e291c14035d
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/130215


Run-TryBot: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>