[dev.unified] cmd/compile: refactor `range` desugaring

This CL refactors the code responsible for emitting the user-visible
assignments within a range statement. This will make it easier to
propagate RTTI from the frontend into any implicit conversions.

Updates #53328.

Change-Id: Ibed15e3b4951b0a6a726067b401a630977f4c6c2
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/415158


Reviewed-by: David Chase <drchase@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Cuong Manh Le <cuong.manhle.vn@gmail.com>
Run-TryBot: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org>